Researchers (per million people) by country

See the United States's strengths and weaknesses

United States: 4,937 in 2022, 21st of 34 OECD members (highest first). 24th of all 106 with data.

Highest: Liechtenstein (18,130, 2023) · Lowest: Guatemala (1, 2023) · 106 countries and territories with data.

Researchers engaged in research and development, per million people.

Ranking

Latest value for each country (within 5 years).

Over time

United States: rank over time

Rank among the countries with data in each year (highest first).

World ranking (highest first)

RankCountryValueYear
1Liechtenstein18,1302023
2South Korea9,4722023
3Sweden8,9112023
4Denmark8,8382023
5Singapore8,7822022
6Finland8,3152023
7Norway7,4512023
8Austria6,6342023
9Netherlands6,5632023
10Switzerland6,1082023
11Belgium5,9902023
12Portugal5,9832023
13Iceland5,9532023
14Germany5,9262023
15Hong Kong5,8742024
16Ireland5,7532023
17Canada5,6242022
18Slovenia5,6162023
19Japan5,6092023
20New Zealand5,4352023
21France5,3692023
22Luxembourg5,3592023
23Greece5,2832023
24United States4,9372022
25Estonia4,8002023
26Macao4,6342024
27Hungary4,5672023
28Czechia4,5052023
29Lithuania3,7042023
30Poland3,6752023
31Spain3,6542023
32Slovakia3,5072023
33Italy2,8552023
34Serbia2,6882024
35Türkiye2,6452023
36Russia2,6392024
37United Arab Emirates2,6072021
38Croatia2,4402023
39Bulgaria2,4012023
40Malta2,3552023
41Iran2,2402021
42Latvia2,1912023
43Cuba2,1712024
44China2,1072023
45Georgia1,8962024
46Algeria1,7642024
47Cyprus1,6862023
48Tunisia1,6682024
49Azerbaijan1,6632024
50Thailand1,5922023
51Belarus1,5682024
52Argentina1,3132023
53Saudi Arabia1,2352024
54Malaysia1,2182022
55Egypt1,1202024
56Romania1,0822023
57Qatar9482021
58Armenia9422024
59Uruguay9382024
60North Macedonia8882024
61Bahrain8492024
62Vietnam8362023
63Montenegro7642019
64Kazakhstan7582024
65Oman7392024
66Chile7072022
67Bosnia and Herzegovina7052024
68Mauritius6892024
69Moldova6502024
70Uzbekistan6402024
71Ukraine5862022
72Mongolia5352022
73Costa Rica5082023
74Brunei5062022
75Trinidad and Tobago4932022
76Pakistan4742023
77South Africa4442022
78Mexico4382024
79Albania4292022
80Indonesia3952020
81Kenya3842024
82Philippines3202020
83India2592020
84Panama2502024
85Bhutan2362024
86Namibia2252022
87Honduras1882019
88Venezuela1802023
89Iraq1642021
90Kuwait1452024
91Syria1402022
92Paraguay1392023
93Rwanda1332023
94Republic of the Congo1272022
95Sri Lanka942022
96Uganda812023
97Bolivia632021
98Togo582024
99El Salvador552023
100Lesotho322023
101Myanmar282023
102Mali262023
103Malawi252019
104Nigeria222019
105Dominican Republic202022
106Guatemala12023

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6). License: CC BY 4.0. Data retrieved: 2026-10-28.

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