Scientific and technical articles by country
United States: 430,843 in 2023, 1st of 38 OECD members (highest first). 2nd of all 197 with data.
Highest: 
China (932,712, 2023) · Lowest: 
Nauru (0, 2023) · 197 countries and territories with data.
Number of scientific and technical journal articles published in the country (U.S. National Science Foundation).
Ranking
Latest value for each country (within 5 years).
Over time
United States: rank over time
Rank among the countries with data in each year (highest first).
World ranking (highest first)
| Rank | Country | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 932,712 | 2023 |
| 2 |  United States | 430,843 | 2023 |
| 3 |  India | 228,174 | 2023 |
| 4 |  Germany | 108,782 | 2023 |
| 5 |  United Kingdom | 97,536 | 2023 |
| 6 |  Japan | 96,543 | 2023 |
| 7 |  Russia | 85,558 | 2023 |
| 8 |  Italy | 82,771 | 2023 |
| 9 |  South Korea | 71,724 | 2023 |
| 10 |  Canada | 63,720 | 2023 |
| 11 |  France | 62,180 | 2023 |
| 12 |  Spain | 60,304 | 2023 |
| 13 |  Brazil | 58,292 | 2023 |
| 14 |  Iran | 55,085 | 2023 |
| 15 |  Australia | 54,589 | 2023 |
| 16 |  Türkiye | 50,180 | 2023 |
| 17 |  Indonesia | 38,992 | 2023 |
| 18 |  Netherlands | 32,207 | 2023 |
| 19 |  Poland | 31,218 | 2023 |
| 20 |  Saudi Arabia | 24,595 | 2023 |
| 21 |  Malaysia | 23,691 | 2023 |
| 22 |  Egypt | 22,854 | 2023 |
| 23 |  Switzerland | 22,804 | 2023 |
| 24 |  Sweden | 21,244 | 2023 |
| 25 |  Pakistan | 20,519 | 2023 |
| 26 |  Mexico | 18,982 | 2023 |
| 27 |  Portugal | 18,225 | 2023 |
| 28 |  Belgium | 16,816 | 2023 |
| 29 |  Iraq | 16,724 | 2023 |
| 30 |  Thailand | 16,656 | 2023 |
| 31 |  Denmark | 15,603 | 2023 |
| 32 |  Ukraine | 15,498 | 2023 |
| 33 |  South Africa | 14,949 | 2023 |
| 34 |  Austria | 13,846 | 2023 |
| 35 |  Israel | 13,844 | 2023 |
| 36 |  Norway | 13,756 | 2023 |
| 37 |  Greece | 13,552 | 2023 |
| 38 |  Czechia | 13,409 | 2023 |
| 39 |  Singapore | 11,894 | 2023 |
| 40 |  Finland | 11,224 | 2023 |
| 41 |  Romania | 10,713 | 2023 |
| 42 |  Vietnam | 10,644 | 2023 |
| 43 |  Nigeria | 9,799 | 2023 |
| 44 |  Morocco | 9,725 | 2023 |
| 45 |  Colombia | 9,184 | 2023 |
| 46 |  Ireland | 8,720 | 2023 |
| 47 |  Argentina | 8,589 | 2023 |
| 48 |  Chile | 8,573 | 2023 |
| 49 |  Hungary | 8,260 | 2023 |
| 50 |  Bangladesh | 8,259 | 2023 |
| 51 |  New Zealand | 8,096 | 2023 |
| 52 |  Algeria | 7,676 | 2023 |
| 53 |  United Arab Emirates | 7,075 | 2023 |
| 54 |  Ethiopia | 6,728 | 2023 |
| 55 |  Croatia | 5,504 | 2023 |
| 56 |  Tunisia | 5,493 | 2023 |
| 57 |  Jordan | 5,419 | 2023 |
| 58 |  Slovakia | 5,332 | 2023 |
| 59 |  Peru | 5,242 | 2023 |
| 60 |  Serbia | 5,173 | 2023 |
| 61 |  Bulgaria | 4,998 | 2023 |
| 62 |  Philippines | 4,752 | 2023 |
| 63 |  Uzbekistan | 4,624 | 2023 |
| 64 |  Kazakhstan | 3,819 | 2023 |
| 65 |  Slovenia | 3,568 | 2023 |
| 66 |  Ecuador | 3,530 | 2023 |
| 67 |  Ghana | 3,270 | 2023 |
| 68 |  Lithuania | 2,673 | 2023 |
| 69 |  Qatar | 2,471 | 2023 |
| 70 |  Sri Lanka | 2,322 | 2023 |
| 71 |  Lebanon | 2,079 | 2023 |
| 72 |  Kenya | 2,079 | 2023 |
| 73 |  Cyprus | 1,764 | 2023 |
| 74 |  Estonia | 1,754 | 2023 |
| 75 |  Latvia | 1,736 | 2023 |
| 76 |  Oman | 1,640 | 2023 |
| 77 |  Nepal | 1,591 | 2023 |
| 78 |  Cameroon | 1,547 | 2023 |
| 79 |  Azerbaijan | 1,544 | 2023 |
| 80 |  Tanzania | 1,453 | 2023 |
| 81 |  Belarus | 1,429 | 2023 |
| 82 |  Uganda | 1,424 | 2023 |
| 83 |  Kuwait | 1,395 | 2023 |
| 84 |  Cuba | 1,217 | 2023 |
| 85 |  Luxembourg | 1,176 | 2023 |
| 86 |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,083 | 2023 |
| 87 |  Uruguay | 1,060 | 2023 |
| 88 |  West Bank and Gaza | 862 | 2023 |
| 89 |  Armenia | 801 | 2023 |
| 90 |  Bahrain | 718 | 2023 |
| 91 |  Iceland | 716 | 2023 |
| 92 |  Costa Rica | 661 | 2023 |
| 93 |  Georgia | 650 | 2023 |
| 94 |  Syria | 646 | 2023 |
| 95 |  Puerto Rico | 605 | 2023 |
| 96 |  Zimbabwe | 520 | 2023 |
| 97 |  Burkina Faso | 520 | 2023 |
| 98 |  Brunei | 502 | 2023 |
| 99 |  North Macedonia | 499 | 2023 |
| 100 |  Malta | 498 | 2023 |
| 101 |  Kosovo | 495 | 2023 |
| 102 |  Senegal | 490 | 2023 |
| 103 |  Venezuela | 475 | 2023 |
| 104 |  Sudan | 471 | 2023 |
| 105 |  Libya | 443 | 2023 |
| 106 |  Benin | 437 | 2023 |
| 107 |  Rwanda | 434 | 2023 |
| 108 |  Yemen | 404 | 2023 |
| 109 |  Côte d'Ivoire | 392 | 2023 |
| 110 |  Botswana | 384 | 2023 |
| 111 |  Malawi | 378 | 2023 |
| 112 |  Zambia | 367 | 2023 |
| 113 |  Moldova | 335 | 2023 |
| 114 |  Kyrgyzstan | 327 | 2023 |
| 115 |  Albania | 319 | 2023 |
| 116 |  Panama | 282 | 2023 |
| 117 |  Mongolia | 277 | 2023 |
| 118 |  North Korea | 269 | 2023 |
| 119 |  Montenegro | 255 | 2023 |
| 120 |  Paraguay | 253 | 2023 |
| 121 |  Trinidad and Tobago | 246 | 2023 |
| 122 |  DR Congo | 243 | 2023 |
| 123 |  Myanmar | 234 | 2023 |
| 124 |  Namibia | 231 | 2023 |
| 125 |  Fiji | 218 | 2023 |
| 126 |  Mauritius | 205 | 2023 |
| 127 |  Mozambique | 205 | 2023 |
| 128 |  Cambodia | 201 | 2023 |
| 129 |  Bolivia | 197 | 2023 |
| 130 |  Afghanistan | 169 | 2023 |
| 131 |  Jamaica | 161 | 2023 |
| 132 |  Tajikistan | 158 | 2023 |
| 133 |  Madagascar | 153 | 2023 |
| 134 |  Somalia | 152 | 2023 |
| 135 |  Togo | 136 | 2023 |
| 136 |  Honduras | 130 | 2023 |
| 137 |  Mali | 117 | 2023 |
| 138 |  Guatemala | 109 | 2023 |
| 139 |  Dominican Republic | 105 | 2023 |
| 140 |  Bhutan | 103 | 2023 |
| 141 |  Republic of the Congo | 96 | 2023 |
| 142 |  Gabon | 91 | 2023 |
| 143 |  Niger | 90 | 2023 |
| 144 |  Sierra Leone | 86 | 2023 |
| 145 |  Gambia | 80 | 2023 |
| 146 |  Laos | 72 | 2023 |
| 147 |  Papua New Guinea | 70 | 2023 |
| 148 |  El Salvador | 65 | 2023 |
| 149 |  Lesotho | 60 | 2023 |
| 150 |  Barbados | 57 | 2023 |
| 151 |  Guinea | 55 | 2023 |
| 152 |  Chad | 52 | 2023 |
| 153 |  Liechtenstein | 51 | 2023 |
| 154 |  Angola | 50 | 2023 |
| 155 |  Guyana | 50 | 2023 |
| 156 |  Mauritania | 47 | 2023 |
| 157 |  Grenada | 42 | 2023 |
| 158 |  Nicaragua | 41 | 2023 |
| 159 |  Greenland | 38 | 2023 |
| 160 |  Haiti | 38 | 2023 |
| 161 |  Monaco | 37 | 2023 |
| 162 |  Burundi | 36 | 2023 |
| 163 |  St. Kitts and Nevis | 36 | 2023 |
| 164 |  Maldives | 32 | 2023 |
| 165 |  Liberia | 32 | 2023 |
| 166 |  Turkmenistan | 31 | 2023 |
| 167 |  Eswatini | 31 | 2023 |
| 168 |  Eritrea | 29 | 2023 |
| 169 |  Suriname | 26 | 2023 |
| 170 |  Central African Republic | 26 | 2023 |
| 171 |  Samoa | 22 | 2023 |
| 172 |  Timor-Leste | 21 | 2023 |
| 173 |  San Marino | 20 | 2023 |
| 174 |  Cabo Verde | 18 | 2023 |
| 175 |  Belize | 18 | 2023 |
| 176 |  Djibouti | 17 | 2023 |
| 177 |  South Sudan | 17 | 2023 |
| 178 |  Seychelles | 15 | 2023 |
| 179 |  Bahamas | 15 | 2023 |
| 180 |  Solomon Islands | 15 | 2023 |
| 181 |  Guinea-Bissau | 14 | 2023 |
| 182 |  Antigua and Barbuda | 13 | 2023 |
| 183 |  Vanuatu | 12 | 2023 |
| 184 |  Andorra | 11 | 2023 |
| 185 |  Comoros | 8 | 2023 |
| 186 |  Palau | 5 | 2023 |
| 187 |  Tonga | 5 | 2023 |
| 188 |  São Tomé and Príncipe | 5 | 2023 |
| 189 |  Micronesia | 4 | 2023 |
| 190 |  Dominica | 4 | 2023 |
| 191 |  Equatorial Guinea | 3 | 2023 |
| 192 |  St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 3 | 2023 |
| 193 |  St. Lucia | 3 | 2023 |
| 194 |  Kiribati | 2 | 2023 |
| 195 |  Marshall Islands | 1 | 2023 |
| 196 |  Tuvalu | 0 | 2023 |
| 197 | Nauru | 0 | 2023 |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (IP.JRN.ARTC.SC). License: CC BY 4.0. Data retrieved: 2026-10-28.
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