R&D spending (% of GDP) by country
United States: 3.45% in 2023, 4th of 38 OECD members (highest first). 5th of all 115 with data.
Highest: 
Israel (6.35%, 2023) · Lowest: 
Guatemala (0.01%, 2023) · 115 countries and territories with data.
Research and development spending by business, government, universities and others, as a share of GDP.
Ranking
Latest value for each country (within 5 years).
Over time
United States: rank over time
Rank among the countries with data in each year (highest first).
World ranking (highest first)
| Rank | Country | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Israel | 6.35% | 2023 |
| 2 |  Liechtenstein | 6.01% | 2023 |
| 3 |  South Korea | 4.94% | 2023 |
| 4 |  Sweden | 3.60% | 2023 |
| 5 |  United States | 3.45% | 2023 |
| 6 |  Japan | 3.44% | 2023 |
| 7 |  Belgium | 3.27% | 2023 |
| 8 |  Austria | 3.26% | 2023 |
| 9 |  Switzerland | 3.22% | 2023 |
| 10 |  Germany | 3.15% | 2023 |
| 11 |  Finland | 3.09% | 2023 |
| 12 |  Denmark | 3.05% | 2023 |
| 13 |  United Kingdom | 2.68% | 2023 |
| 14 |  Iceland | 2.64% | 2023 |
| 15 |  China | 2.58% | 2023 |
| 16 |  Netherlands | 2.27% | 2023 |
| 17 |  France | 2.18% | 2023 |
| 18 |  Slovenia | 2.13% | 2023 |
| 19 |  Australia | 1.86% | 2021 |
| 20 |  Norway | 1.85% | 2023 |
| 21 |  Estonia | 1.84% | 2023 |
| 22 |  Czechia | 1.83% | 2023 |
| 23 |  Singapore | 1.81% | 2022 |
| 24 |  Canada | 1.79% | 2024 |
| 25 |  Portugal | 1.69% | 2023 |
| 26 |  Ireland | 1.59% | 2023 |
| 27 |  Poland | 1.56% | 2023 |
| 28 |  New Zealand | 1.55% | 2023 |
| 29 |  United Arab Emirates | 1.49% | 2021 |
| 30 |  Greece | 1.49% | 2023 |
| 31 |  Spain | 1.49% | 2023 |
| 32 |  Türkiye | 1.42% | 2023 |
| 33 |  Croatia | 1.39% | 2023 |
| 34 |  Italy | 1.38% | 2023 |
| 35 |  Hungary | 1.38% | 2023 |
| 36 |  Brazil | 1.19% | 2023 |
| 37 |  Hong Kong | 1.13% | 2024 |
| 38 |  Luxembourg | 1.07% | 2023 |
| 39 |  Lithuania | 1.05% | 2023 |
| 40 |  Slovakia | 1.03% | 2023 |
| 41 |  Egypt | 1.02% | 2024 |
| 42 |  Malaysia | 1.01% | 2022 |
| 43 |  Serbia | 0.94% | 2024 |
| 44 |  Russia | 0.94% | 2024 |
| 45 |  Thailand | 0.94% | 2023 |
| 46 |  Latvia | 0.82% | 2023 |
| 47 |  Kenya | 0.81% | 2024 |
| 48 |  Bulgaria | 0.79% | 2023 |
| 49 |  Rwanda | 0.78% | 2023 |
| 50 |  Tunisia | 0.75% | 2019 |
| 51 |  Iran | 0.73% | 2021 |
| 52 |  Uruguay | 0.70% | 2023 |
| 53 |  Cyprus | 0.68% | 2023 |
| 54 |  Qatar | 0.68% | 2021 |
| 55 |  Malta | 0.65% | 2023 |
| 56 |  Namibia | 0.65% | 2022 |
| 57 |  India | 0.65% | 2020 |
| 58 |  Saudi Arabia | 0.64% | 2024 |
| 59 |  South Africa | 0.61% | 2022 |
| 60 |  Argentina | 0.60% | 2023 |
| 61 |  Belarus | 0.59% | 2024 |
| 62 |  Romania | 0.52% | 2023 |
| 63 |  Algeria | 0.44% | 2024 |
| 64 |  Cuba | 0.44% | 2024 |
| 65 |  Uganda | 0.44% | 2023 |
| 66 |  Vietnam | 0.41% | 2023 |
| 67 |  Chile | 0.39% | 2022 |
| 68 |  Oman | 0.39% | 2024 |
| 69 |  Republic of the Congo | 0.38% | 2022 |
| 70 |  North Macedonia | 0.37% | 2024 |
| 71 |  Ukraine | 0.37% | 2024 |
| 72 |  Montenegro | 0.36% | 2019 |
| 73 |  Costa Rica | 0.34% | 2023 |
| 74 |  Macao | 0.31% | 2024 |
| 75 |  Colombia | 0.29% | 2020 |
| 76 |  Armenia | 0.29% | 2024 |
| 77 |  Nigeria | 0.28% | 2019 |
| 78 |  Indonesia | 0.28% | 2020 |
| 79 |  Philippines | 0.28% | 2020 |
| 80 |  Georgia | 0.26% | 2024 |
| 81 |  Mauritius | 0.26% | 2024 |
| 82 |  Mexico | 0.25% | 2024 |
| 83 |  Bermuda | 0.23% | 2020 |
| 84 |  Togo | 0.22% | 2024 |
| 85 |  Moldova | 0.22% | 2024 |
| 86 |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.21% | 2024 |
| 87 |  Azerbaijan | 0.21% | 2024 |
| 88 |  Albania | 0.20% | 2022 |
| 89 |  Panama | 0.20% | 2024 |
| 90 |  Bahrain | 0.19% | 2024 |
| 91 |  Malawi | 0.18% | 2019 |
| 92 |  Peru | 0.18% | 2023 |
| 93 |  Pakistan | 0.16% | 2023 |
| 94 |  Kazakhstan | 0.16% | 2024 |
| 95 |  Andorra | 0.16% | 2022 |
| 96 |  Mali | 0.15% | 2023 |
| 97 |  Paraguay | 0.14% | 2023 |
| 98 |  Sri Lanka | 0.11% | 2022 |
| 99 |  Burkina Faso | 0.10% | 2024 |
| 100 |  Uzbekistan | 0.10% | 2024 |
| 101 |  El Salvador | 0.10% | 2023 |
| 102 |  Bhutan | 0.10% | 2024 |
| 103 |  Lesotho | 0.09% | 2023 |
| 104 |  Turkmenistan | 0.09% | 2023 |
| 105 |  Tajikistan | 0.09% | 2020 |
| 106 |  Kuwait | 0.09% | 2024 |
| 107 |  Mongolia | 0.08% | 2022 |
| 108 |  Bolivia | 0.06% | 2021 |
| 109 |  Honduras | 0.06% | 2019 |
| 110 |  Kyrgyzstan | 0.05% | 2024 |
| 111 |  Trinidad and Tobago | 0.05% | 2022 |
| 112 |  Syria | 0.04% | 2022 |
| 113 |  Iraq | 0.04% | 2021 |
| 114 |  Myanmar | 0.02% | 2023 |
| 115 | Guatemala | 0.01% | 2023 |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS). License: CC BY 4.0. Data retrieved: 2026-10-28.
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